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Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is an ionization method used in mass spectrometry (commonly LC-MS) which utilizes gas-phase ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric pressure. It is an ionization method that is similar to chemical ionization (commonly used in GC-MS) where corona discharges on a solvent spray produce primary ions. APCI is mainly used with polar and relatively nonpolar compounds with a molecular weight of less than 1500 Da, generally giving monocharged ions. Because of its ability to run in sequence with HPLC, it has gained a large popularity in trace analysis detection and pharmacology. ==Ionization== The analyte in solution is directly introduced into a pneumatic nebulizer via a direct inlet probe or through a connection to a standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an eluent flow rate between 0.2 and 2 mL/min. Once in the nebulizer, the analyte in solution is converted into a thin fog through the use of a high-speed nitrogen beam, and the droplets are then displaced by the gas flow through a heated quartz tube called a desolvation/vaporization chamber. The mobile phase and the sample in the gas flow are then vaporized by the heat transferred to the spray droplets in the desolvation chamber and leave the tube as a mixture of the compounds of interest and hot gas (120ºC).〔 They are subsequently carried along a corona discharge electrode where ionization occurs. The ionization can either be carried out in positive or negative ionization mode. In the positive mode, the relative proton affinities of the reactant ions and the gaseous analyte molecules allow either proton transfer or adduction of reactant gas ions to produce the ions of the molecular species. 〔 In the negative mode, however, the ions are produced by either proton abstraction or adduct formation. In most cases, the evaporated mobile phase acts as the ionization gas and reactant ions are formed because of the effect of the corona discharge on the nebulized solvent. Generally, the primary ions formed by the corona discharge are ions such as a positively charged nitrogen or oxygen radical which can then form secondary reactant gas ions though collision with vaporized solvent molecules.〔Gates, Paul. University of Bristol, Department of Chemistry, "Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization." Last modified 2004. Accessed November 22, 2013. http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/ms/theory/apci-ionisation.html.〕 In a major distinction from chemical ionization, the electrons needed for the primary ionization are not produced by a heated filament, as a heated filament cannot be used under atmospheric pressure conditions. Instead, the ionization must occur using either corona discharges or β- particle emitters, which are both electron sources capable of handling the presence of corrosive or oxidizing gases.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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